St John of the Cross

Divine Office: St John of the Cross

From a Spiritual Canticle of St John of the Cross, priest

The knowledge of the mystery hidden within Christ Jesus

Though holy doctors have uncovered many mysteries and wonders, and devout souls have understood them in this earthly condition of ours, yet the greater part still remains to be unfolded by them, and even to be understood by them.

We must then dig deeply in Christ. He is like a rich mine with many pockets containing treasures: however deep we dig we will never find their end or their limit. Indeed, in every pocket new seams of fresh riches are discovered on all sides.

For this reason the apostle Paul said of Christ: In him are hidden all the treasures of the wisdom and knowledge of God. The soul cannot enter into these treasures, nor attain them, unless it first crosses into and enters the thicket of suffering, enduring interior and exterior labours, and unless it first receives from God very many blessings in the intellect and in the senses, and has undergone long spiritual training.

All these are lesser things, disposing the soul for the lofty sanctuary of the knowledge of the mysteries of Christ: this is the highest wisdom attainable in this life.

Would that men might come at last to see that it is quite impossible to reach the thicket of the riches and wisdom of God except by first entering the thicket of much suffering, in such a way that the soul finds there its consolation and desire. The soul that longs for divine wisdom chooses first, and in truth, to enter the thicket of the cross.

Saint Paul therefore urges the Ephesians not to grow weary in the midst of tribulations, but to be steadfast and rooted and grounded in love, so that they may know with all the saints the breadth, the length, the height and the depth – to know what is beyond knowledge, the love of Christ, so as to be filled with all the fullness of God.

The gate that gives entry into these riches of his wisdom is the cross; because it is a narrow gate, while many seek the joys that can be gained through it, it is given to few to desire to pass through it.

RESPONSORY 1 Corinthians 2:9-10

No eye can see, no ear can hear, no heart can imagine

– the marvels that God has prepared for those who love him.

Yet God has revealed them to us through his Spirit.

– The marvels that God has prepared for those who love him.

O God, who gave the Priest Saint John an outstanding dedication to perfect self-denial and love of the Cross, grant that, by imitating him closely at all times, we may come to contemplate eternally your glory. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, God, for ever and ever.

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Maturing prayer

This dying out of feelings and of tangible satisfaction is the context for the purifyıng experience in prayer that will be one indication, among others, of the possible onset of contemplative graces. Again, the ‘dark night of the senses”, a phrase Saint John of the Cross adopts for this transitional time, will be invoked as the telling metaphor for this purification, which dries up feeling and closes down fruitful experiences of reflection or of the imagination. Instead of the “light” that for some time shone on the practice of meditative reflection, providing new insights and steady consolation, the soul begins to encounter a sharp dissonance with its prior experience in prayer. A troubling sense of struggle with the exercise of meditation begins to arise. And there is no understandable reason or any evident solution to correct this. It is not simply as though a tool used in prayer had broken for the moment, a tool that could be fixed or replaced with a better tool; nor is it simply a need of finding an improved method of reflection that can cast richer light in meditation; nor is it a matter of manipulating feelings and restoring them to their former warmth. The reality of what seems now to be an ineffective effort in prayer has a source in God’s action on the soul. He apparently seeks, for one thing, to expose the soul to a greater awareness of its own inner poverty. –“St John of the Cross: Master of Contemplation” by Father Donald Haggerty

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I must decrease……

A soul aspiring to union with God must truly allow itself to be emptied and purified in radical ways. The road of purification can take a long time, or it can be relatively short in duration, depending in large part on how serious we are in mortifying our own self-absorbed tendencies. This is the primary lesson of these pages on the spiritual vices at the beginning of The Dark Night. The great need of our soul is to refine our desire to please God alone and to leave ourselves empty and unimportant in our own estimation. We have to give ourselves away, strip ourselves of self-preoccupation; it is never sufficient simply to be generous in charitable actions. The Gospel admonition to lose ourselves for love is an effort of interior and exterior demands that allows no compromise and no turning back on self. Such efforts are not without effect. They are the preparation for the purer longing for God and the accessibility to God that are traits of a soul ready to receive the grace of contemplation. –Father Donald Haggerty “St John of the Cross: Master of Contemplation”

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Build your secret slowly

First, it describes this dark contemplation as ‘secret,’ since, as we have indicated above, it is mystical theology, which theologians call secret wisdom, and which, as Saint Thomas says is communicated and infused into the soul through love.[213] This happens secretly and in darkness, so as to be hidden from the work of the understanding and of other faculties. Wherefore, inasmuch as the faculties aforementioned attain not to it, but the Holy Spirit infuses and orders it in the soul, as says the Bride in the Songs, without either its knowledge or its understanding, it is called secret. And, in truth, not only does the soul not understand it, but there is none that does so, not even the devil; inasmuch as the Master Who teaches the soul is within it in its substance, to which the devil may not attain, neither may natural sense nor understanding.

And it is not for this reason alone that it may be called secret, but likewise because of the effects which it produces in the soul. For it is secret not only in the darknesses and afflictions of purgation, when this wisdom of love purges the soul, and the soul is unable to speak of it, but equally so afterwards in illumination, when this wisdom is communicated to it most clearly. Even then it is still so secret that the soul cannot speak of it and give it a name whereby it may be called; for, apart from the fact that the soul has no desire to speak of it, it can find no suitable way or manner or similitude by which it may be able to describe such lofty understanding and such delicate spiritual feeling. And thus, even though the soul might have a great desire to express it and might find many ways in which to describe it, it would still be secret and remain undescribed. For, as that inward wisdom is so simple, so general and so spiritual that it has not entered into the understanding enwrapped or cloaked in any form or image subject to sense, it follows that sense and imagination (as it has not entered through them nor has taken their form and colour) cannot account for it or imagine it, so as to say anything concerning it, although the soul be clearly aware that it is experiencing and partaking of that rare and delectable wisdom. It is like one who sees something never seen before, whereof he has not even seen the like; although he might understand its nature and have experience of it, he would be unable to give it a name, or say what it is, however much he tried to do so, and this in spite of its being a thing which he had perceived with the senses. How much less, then, could he describe a thing that has not entered through the senses! For the language of God has this characteristic that, since it is very intimate and spiritual in its relations with the soul, it transcends every sense and at once makes all harmony and capacity of the outward and inward senses to cease and be dumb. —St John of the Cros ‘Dark Night of the Soul’

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Stanzas from the Spiritual Canticle

What cure for my disease?
Give up, give up in earnest; make an ending.
These foreign deputies,
I implore you, stop sending.
They cannot touch my heart with their pretending.

All those that come and go
Bring news of you and many a dazzling rumor.
I feel each like a blow;
Sink stricken at the glimmer
Of something I can’t catch they stand and stammer.

How manage to draw breath
So long, my soul, not living where life is?
Brought low and so near death
By those bowmen of his –
To each inroad of love sharp witnesses.

Why not come and undo
The trouble in this heart? – you know you broke it.
You know you stole it too –
Just to forsake it?

St John of the Cross

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Spiritual pride

“They (spiritual aspirants) develop a somewhat vain at times very vain-desire to speak of spiritual things in others’ presence, and sometime even to instruct rather than be instructed; in their hearts they condemn others who do not seem to have the kind of devotion they would like them to have” (DN 1.2.1).

Interestingly, the devil is observant of such matters and is intent not to see a soul enter more genuinely on the spiritual path of humble self understanding. Saint John of the Cross says that at times the devil may inspire a person to an increased fervor of devotion and a greater readiness to perform good works precisely to swell and expand the pride of the soul. This is certainly not our usual expectation. In these souls, as well, relations with authority, whether in religious life or in spiritual direction or with the Church herself, begin possibly to show tensions. The persons want approval and esteem for their apparent spiritual quality. They assume that this elevated quality must be seen by others, for it is quite visible to themselves, and so should be acknowledged and respected. And with that respect, writes Saint John of the Cross, should come permissions and encouragement to pursue their own preferential path to God. They have sharp opinions on what they think is best for their own spiritual advancement and, perhaps, strong opinions about areas of spiritual concern in a congregation or in the Church. If this encouragement is not forthcoming to confirm them in their preferences or their opinions, “they quickly search for some other spiritual advisor more to their liking, someone who will congratulate them and be impressed by their deeds; and they flee, as they would death, those who attempt to place them on the safe road by forbidding these things and sometimes they even become hostile toward such spiritual directors” (DN 1.1.2.3). “Saint John of the Cross: Master of Contemplation” by Father Donald Haggerty

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Indulgence habituation

The pattern is repeated consistently: desire for something, followed by a choice for it, followed by a subsequent satisfaction in that choice. The momentum does not stop on its own; once activated, it returns and repeats itself. Desire is felt again for what has previously been chosen with some delight. The pattern tends to repeat itself. This is precisely the nature of all vice. Habits of repetitive sin, especially involving sensual matters, follow this pattern of a rotation through desire, indulged choice, temporary and fleeting delight, and the return again of desire. The great harm that takes place, if desires are indulged and delight is experienced in this repeated manner, is that the mind itself dulls in it’s relationship with God. The pursuit of satisfaction can dominate the soul in ways that do not necessarily involve grave sin but, nonetheless, pour sand, as it were, upon what could otherwise be a fire of longing for God. If a soul is indulging itself in attached ways in this manner, it is very unlikely to experience much desire at all for God and, therefore, little desire for prayer. And how common is this truth to this very day, even among those dedicated by a chosen profession as priests or religious to the service of God, Saint John of the Cross thus identifies a principal harm when a soul takes joy in self-centered and self-oriented delights: “dullness of mind and darkness of judgment in understanding truth and judging well of each thing as it is in itself” (AMC 3.19.3). That dullness of mind translates into a tepidity toward God and spiritual matters. –“Saint John of the Cross: Master of Contemplation” Fr. Donald Haggerty

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